Page 353 - Proceedings book

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1.1.1. Museums and Collective Consciousness

Memory plays a central role in shaping both individual and collective identities, with
Collective Memory binding societies and influencing cultural evolution and moral

frameworks (Halbwachs, 1992, pp. 22-49). Halbwachs ’ theory asserts that memory is
a social construct, shaped by the groups to which individuals belong. In war museums,
this theory helps explain how institutions frame national identities by presenting

history from particular group perspectives, influencing how societies remember
violence and envision the future. As active agents of memory, museums determine

which stories are told and whose voices are amplified, with significant socio-political
implications (Kavanagh, 2000, p. 3). Harari’s concept of Collective Imagination

further reveals how shared beliefs shape societal identities and interpretations of past

traumas and future possibilities (Harari, 2015, p. 32). Through exhibitions and
education, war museums support reconciliation and healing, promoting national

identity while fostering societal continuity and future aspirations (Bennett, 1995 pp.
1-30; Connerton, 2009, pp. 7-40).

1.1.2. Museums and Narratives of Violence

Violence has played a significant role in shaping human history, with theories like the

“Killer Ape” hypothesis (Ardrey, 1961, pp. 30–50) suggesting aggression was central
to early social structures (Keeley, 1996, pp. 36–37 and pp. 55–56). In modern times,

war, genocide, and conflict museums face complex decisions in how to present

violent histories. They must navigate the challenges of whether to emphasize military
achievements, focus on victimhood, or promote critical reflection (Williams, 2007, pp.

16-25). Museums are tasked with constructing narratives that are historically accurate
and inclusive while recognizing the sensitivities of the subjects they represent. These

institutions walk a fine line between factual representation and emotional resonance,
considering the broader social and political contexts in which they operate (Williams,

2007, pp. 16-25). The way museums curate their exhibitions can influence how

societies remember and interpret violent histories, and the narratives presented can
either facilitate understanding or perpetuate division.

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